Age-related loss of muscle mass is a natural process and may result in increased feebleness and even disability. Strength training and diet play a major role, and older people need more protein, especially an essential amino acid called leucine. In addition, supplements of vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics can have a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle strength, according to a review article that is published in Frontiers in Nutrition.

Ever since the COVID-19 pandemic started, scientists have focused on vitamin D. This nutrient strengthens and regulates the immune defense in a number of different ways. Numerous studies have shown that lack of vitamin D increases the risk of being infected with COVID-19 and running into complications. High-dosed vitamin D supplementation of COVID-19 patients can lower their risk of being admitted to the intensive care unit and dying of the disease, according to a new meta-analysis that is published in Nutrients.

Stomach cancer is rather common and is a disease with a poor prognosis. There are many things that cause the condition. However, vitamin C is known to reduce the risk, according to a large analysis published in Gastric Cancer. The study also shows that we need a lot more vitamin C than the official recommendations in order to obtain optimal protection against stomach cancer.

Menstrual pain can be quite severe, especially among teenagers and young women, but supplementation with vitamin D seems to reduce the pain, according to a new meta-analysis that is published in Nutrients. Earlier research has shown that fish oil supplements can do the same. Vitamin D and fish oil primarily work by lowering levels of hormone-like compounds called prostaglandins that cause inflammation and are responsible for the painful cramps in the uterus.

There is a close link between imbalances in the gut flora and the development of Parkinson’s disease, according to a Japanese study where scientists observed that patients with Parkinson’s disease lack certain gut bacteria that are related to the synthesis of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and biotin (vitamins B7 and B8). This results in a reduced presence of certain compounds that normally counteract leaks in the intestinal mucosa, so toxins can enter the bloodstream and reach the brain. According to the researchers, supplementation with these B vitamins may help restore the intestinal mucosa and can be useful in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

The two omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, are of vital importance to the development of a baby’s brain and central nervous system during pregnancy and the first years of life. The best sources of these fatty acids are oily fish and fish oil supplements. There is widespread deficiency of these fatty acids, which increases the risk of a lower IQ, ADHD, depression, or other neurological disturbances in the baby, according to a review article published in Nutrients. It is also important for brain health to balance one’s intake of omega-3 and omega-6.

Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease. Our modern lifestyle plays a role, and vitamin D deficiency in early childhood also seems to increase the risk of developing the disease later in life, according to a study that is published in World Allergy Organisation Journal. The health authorities recommend that pregnant women and small children take a vitamin D supplement.

Promising results have been seen with the use of vitamin D supplements in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerous colitis and Crohn’s disease. However, there is missing information about blood levels of vitamin D and the prognosis for these patients. A new study that is published in International Journal of Surgery reveals that blood levels of vitamin D are directly linked to the risk of surgical removal of morbid intestinal tissue.

All the different awareness campaigns for sustainability and eating plant-based diets have inspired more and more people to become vegetarians or vegans. However, there are health aspects that need attention. Vegetarians and vegans in particular have lower intakes of protein, vitamin D, and many other essential nutrients, according to a new Spanish study that is published in Nutrients. It is therefore recommended that adult vegetarians and vegans take vitamin D supplements to counter their risk of osteoporosis and other diseases related to vitamin D deficiencies.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer form among men. In terms of existing therapies, there is room for improvement. According to a Polish study that is published in Nutrients, higher levels of selenium and zinc in the blood can improve survival. The study authors mention that these two nutrients also protect against other cancer forms.

There is a growing interest among scientists in selenium’s role in the brain and nervous system, and a placebo-controlled study published in Frontiers in Nutrition shows that selenium supplementation is useful as an adjuvant in migraine therapy. The study authors describe that oxidative stress may involved in migraine attacks and mention that selenium has a protective effect due to its role as an antioxidant. Earlier studies have shown that other antioxidants like Q10 and magnesium also have a therapeutic value by way of other mechanisms that may work synergistically.