During infections and trauma, the body triggers a series of inflammatory processes, which are also associated with cascades of free radicals and the risk of oxidative stress. In such cases, the trace element selenium plays a crucial role: partly as a component of the immune system and in regulating inflammatory processes, and partly as a powerful antioxidant that counteracts damage to cells and tissues caused by free radicals. Evidence also suggests that selenium deficiency increases the risk of complications or severe outcomes from influenza, COVID-19, and other infections. The same applies to blood clots and physical trauma. Conversely, early selenium supplementation can reduce complications, shorten hospital stays, and lower overall mortality, as highlighted in a recent review article published in Antioxidants.

The skin requires a range of nutrients for growth and protection against local infections and injuries. Evidence suggests, however, that patients with inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic eczema, and patchy hair loss often have deficiencies in minerals like zinc, selenium, and iron. Elevated levels of copper, which should be balanced with zinc, have also been observed, and these findings are reported in a new meta-analysis published in Nutrition Reviews.

As the population ages, the number of people experiencing cognitive decline of varying degrees is also on the rise. Diet and lifestyle play a major role in brain function, and higher vitamin C intake has been associated with better cognitive performance in older adults. Evidence also suggests that smokers may benefit the most, according to a study published in Frontiers in Nutrition.

Age-related muscle loss, also known as sarcopenia, is characterized by a progressive decline in muscle mass, which increases the risk of various diseases and premature death. Evidence suggests that active vitamin D regulates muscle protein synthesis and thereby helps prevent sarcopenia, particularly in people with prediabetes. This is reported in a Japanese placebo-controlled study published in Metabolism.

- and supplements strengthen their immune system

Zinc is crucial for the immune system on multiple fronts. Animal-based foods such as meat and eggs are the best sources, as zinc from plant-based sources is less readily absorbed. As a result, vegetarians and vegans often have insufficient zinc intake. On the other hand, zinc supplementation can enhance the production of interferon and other components of the immune system, which are particularly important for defending against viral infections. This is highlighted in a study published in Clinical Nutrition. It is also important to note that aging and certain medications can increase the risk of zinc deficiency.

Experiencing an excess of negative emotions such as anxiety, anger, sadness, and worry is also referred to as neuroticism. Research indicates that neuroticism is associated with low levels of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA, which over time may increase the risk of vascular dementia. This emerges from a large population study, where the authors highlight the particular importance of omega-3 fatty acids for the brain, nervous system, and circulatory system. Overall, ensuring adequate omega-3 intake appears beneficial for both mood and cognitive function.

- and supplementation has a therapeutic effect

Respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and, in some cases, can become so complicated that they pose a life-threatening risk to vulnerable groups, which is why the body’s immune system and antioxidant defense are crucial. According to a population study published in Nutrients, with a special focus on children and adolescents, supplementation with vitamin C may play a therapeutic role in preventing and treating respiratory diseases.

Sleep deprivation, which is widespread, poses a significant risk to both physical and mental health. Research suggests that people with a high BMI are more likely to be vitamin D-deficient, which in turn can affect both body weight and sleep quality. Overall, vitamin D appears to influence sleep quality both directly and indirectly by affecting BMI. This is the conclusion of a large American population study published in Frontiers in Nutrition. The researchers suggest that vitamin D supplementation may improve sleep quality - particularly when it also helps regulate body weight. But how exactly does vitamin D influence sleep and weight? And how much do we really need?

A study published in RSC Advances shows that Q10 supplementation can reduce the harmful effects of aluminum, which is found in, among other things, cookware, aluminum foil, deodorants, refined table salt, vaccines, and several types of medicine. The researchers also describe how Q10, as a unique antioxidant, helps protect nerve cells and the hippocampus – the brain’s center for memory, spatial orientation, and the formation of new nerve cells.

A plant-based diet often lacks important amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. A large population study published in Food Frontiers shows that vegetarians who consume plant-based meat substitutes have a 42 percent higher risk of developing depression. They also have higher blood pressure and a tendency toward chronic inflammation.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death, and many people have high blood pressure without knowing it. Diet, lifestyle, and the natural ageing process all play a significant role. In addition, supplementation with Q10 appears to lower systolic blood pressure, especially when taken in appropriate doses over an extended period. This is highlighted in a meta-analysis published in the International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention. The researchers describe Q10 as a unique molecule with several mechanisms that benefit the circulatory system and blood pressure. The body's own Q10 production decreases with age and when using certain types of medication, and high blood pressure itself seems to increase the need for the compound.

Many skin disorders, such as acne, atopic dermatitis (eczema), and psoriasis, are linked to flaws in the skin’s natural barrier and an immune system that is either too weak or overreacts with chronic inflammation. The skin’s natural microflora may also be out of balance. In this context, various vitamins play important roles in supporting skin health due to their regenerative, immune-stimulating, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antioxidant properties that help protect the skin against damage. In a new review article published in The Microbe, the authors explore how different vitamins (A, B1, B2, B3, B12, C, D, and E) contribute to skin health, immune function, and the management of skin conditions.