Fish oil has therapeutic effects on many skin conditions

Supplementing with fish oil has already shown therapeutic benefits in treating several skin conditions, including atopic eczema, acne, psoriasis, and even burns. Local treatment with fish oil may also be a useful complement, although more clinical studies are needed, according to a review published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. Since many skin disorders involve chronic inflammation, it is generally recommended to ensure fish oil is taken at a therapeutic dose. Fish oil also helps counteract dry skin, which is more vulnerable.

Fish oil contains the biologically active omega-3 forms EPA and DHA. Omega-3 fatty acids are also found in flaxseed oil and a few other plant sources, but in the form of ALA, which many people struggle to convert into EPA and DHA.
Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, particularly from fish oil, has already demonstrated therapeutic effects in cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, and eye disorders. This is because EPA and DHA are also components of cell membranes, where they help regulate numerous functions across tissues and organs. These functions include maintaining membrane flexibility, regulating gene expression, and controlling inflammatory processes in the immune system. It is important to maintain the right balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in cell membranes for these functions to operate properly. Unfortunately, modern diets often contain too little omega-3 from fatty fish and too much omega-6 from seed oils, margarine, dressings, and other processed foods. This imbalance can negatively affect skin health.

Skin health and the role of omega-3 fatty acids

The skin is our largest organ, serving as a physical barrier that protects the body from external influences such as microorganisms, chemicals, physical damage, and UV radiation. A well-functioning skin immune system is crucial for eliminating harmful microorganisms and repairing cell damage. It is equally important that inflammatory processes do not become chronic, as this can create a foundation for many skin diseases.
The skin also communicates with the nervous system, hormonal system, and other tissues and organs. Therefore, factors such as mental stress, food allergies, liver strain, and poor digestion can negatively impact the skin.
The review explains how omega-3 fatty acids counteract inappropriate inflammation through processes that include:

• Reducing T-cell activity
• Reducing pro-inflammatory enzymes (COX-2)
• Reducing pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes)
• Inhibiting TLR proteins (toll-like receptors) that activate the immune system

The authors also mention that omega-3 fatty acids play a role in glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism. Their ability to keep skin moisturized and soft also affects skin integrity, including its complex microbiome.
The review cites several studies in which fish oil supplementation showed therapeutic effects in treating psoriasis, atopic eczema, and acne. Fish oil has also promoted wound healing in burn patients.
Local skin treatment with fish oil may also be effective, and the authors describe mechanisms that enhance its action. In some cases, direct local treatment with fresh fish skin has been used to speed up healing in burns.
The researchers conclude that fish oil supplementation and local treatment can be a promising complementary therapy for many skin conditions. However, further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and duration of treatment.
According to other studies, EPA appears to have the strongest anti-inflammatory effect. In inflammatory skin disorders such as psoriasis and atopic eczema, higher doses of fish oil may be tried, aiming for a daily EPA intake of around 900-1,500 mg, which is typically around3-5 standard capsules. The fish oil should be of high and well-documented quality. Optimal effects are usually seen after about a month, once EPA and DHA are incorporated into cell membranes.
It is also advisable to limit excessive omega-6 intake to restore the essential balance. Fish oil can additionally support mood, joint health, circulation, and other conditions if there is an omega-3 deficiency.

References:

Laura Mateu-Arrom et al. Therapeutic Benefits of Topical Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Skin disease and Cosmetic: An Updated Systematic Review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2025

Will Chu. Omega-3 oils EPA and DHA differ in actions that tackle inflammation: Study. Nutraingredients.com 2020